Profile of C57BL/6J Jcl Mice

References

Foster et al eds., The Mouse in Biomedical Research, Volume I: 1981; Volume II: 1982; Volume III: 1983; Volume IV: 1982, Academic Press Inc. New York.

Biochemical and Immunological Loci

Lifespan

• Conventional environment:

Naturally Occurring Tumors and Lesions

• Lung tumor incidence: 1% in males, 3% in multiparous females, and 0% in nulliparous females (Hoag, 1963)

• Lymphatic leukemia incidence: less than 2% (Hoag, 1963)

• Mammary tumor incidence: less than 1% (Hoag, 1963)

• Atherosclerosis develops after 20 weeks of high-fat diet feeding (Thompson, 1968; Roberts & Thompson, 1976)

• Mammary tumor incidence: 1% in multiparous females, 0% in nulliparous females (Handbook on Genetically Standardized Inbred Jax Mice, 1968)

• Hydrocephalus occasionally occurs (ibid.)

• Incidence of ocular, dental, aural, and cephalic malformations, including polydactyly, is 10% (Kalter, 1968)

• Leukemia incidence is 7% (Myers et al., 1970)

• Severe pruritus often leads to self-mutilation and Myobia musculi infestation, more frequently than in other strains (Csiza & McMartin, 1976)

Immunological Characteristics

• Poor immune response to Vi antigen (Gaines, 1965)

• Weak immune response to a small amount of bovine gamma globulin (Levin, 1970)

• Weak immune response to Type II pneumococcal polysaccharide (Braley, 1971)

• Good immune response to Cholera B antigen (Cerny, 1971)

• 76% rejection of syngeneic female skin grafts after 25 days (Gasser, 1971)

• Resistance to anaphylactic shock induced by ovalbumin (Tanioka, 1971)

• Weak primary immune response to bovine serum albumin (James, 1972)

• Low antibody affinity for HSA (Petty, 1972)

• Good immune response to lipopolysaccharides of Salmonella senftenberg and S. anatun (Dipanli, 1972)

• Low sensitivity to dextran (Blomberg, 1972)

• Susceptibility to Salmonella typhimurium C5 (Robson, 1972)

• Weak primary immune response to sheep red blood cells (Gheffar, 1973)

• Poor immune response to GAT (Glu 60, Ala 30, Tyr 10) (Dorf, 1974)

• Poor immune response to (Pro-Gly-Pro)n-ovalbumin, but good response to (Pro-Gly-Pro)n (Frahs, 1974)

• Low erythrocyte agglutinability (Rubinstein, 1974)

• Susceptibility to Mouse Hepatitis virus Type 3 (Le Prevost, 1975)

• Good immune response to B6-Tla ferritin (Young, 1976)

• Resistance to Mycoplasma fermentens (M. F. W. Festing, 1977)

• Experimental model of immunodeficiency associated with adenosine deaminase deficiency (A. Teddy, 1980)

• Low antibody production after injection of E. Coli B-D galactosidase (E. Conway, 1980)

• Strong resistance to Trypanosoma Musculi infection (J. W. Albright, 1981)

• Good production of anti-MHV antibodies following intranasal inoculation with low-virulence MHV-NUJ (Nakanaga, 1983)

• No particular resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Fanchere, 1984)

Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics

• Exhibits a preference for alcohol (Fuller, 1964; Rodgers, 1966; Goodrick, 1978)

• Higher aldehyde dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase activities compared to DBA/2 (Sheppard, 1968)

• Elevated blood glucose levels (Nishimura, 1969)

• Low hepatic δ-aminolaevulinate dehydratase activity (Doyle, 1969)

• High hepatic α-pyrene hydroxylase activity (Kodama, 1970)

• High hepatic arylsulfatase activity (Mrgoris, 1971)

• Low erythrocyte catalase activity (Hoffman, 1971)

• Low brain L-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and acetylcholinesterase activities, but high catechol-O-methyltransferase activity (Tunniliff, 1973)

• Low serum cholesterol levels at 12 and 24 weeks of age (Weibust, 1973)

• Low calcium consumption in the heart (Mokler, 1973)

• Low hepatic urokinase activity but high histidine ammonia-lyase activity (Hanford, 1974)

• Elevated serum calcium levels (Barret, 1975)

• Elevated serum prolactin levels (Sinha, 1975)

• Low arterial blood pH (Sinha, 1975; Mokler, 1973)

• Low levels of PGF in the epididymis (Badr, 1975)

• Higher adrenal adrenaline levels in the entire adrenal cortex compared to BALB/c strain (E. Kemph, 1978)

• High levels of β-endorphin and ACTH in the pineal gland (Crabbe, 1981)

Pharmacological Characteristics

• Highly susceptible to fibrosarcoma induction by methylcholanthrene (Strong, 1952)

• Resistant to chloroform toxicity (Deringer, 1953; Hill, 1973)

• Resistant to skin tumor induction by methylcholanthrene (Adervont, 1956)

• Resistant to cleft palate induction by cortisone (Kalter, 1965)

• Susceptible to the toxic effects of DMBA (Schmid, 1966)

• Hepatic epoxide hydrolase activity is increased by intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital (Schmid, 1966)

• High incidence of convulsions induced by flurothyl (Davis, 1967)

• Resistant to lung tumor and leukemia induction by neonatal DMBA treatment (Flaks, 1968)

• Susceptible to skin tumor formation by DMBA (Thomas, 1973)

• Resistant to mammary tumor induction by urethane (Bentreza, 1970)

• Susceptible to subcutaneous tumor induction by 3-methylcholanthrene (Kouri, 1973)

• Susceptible to fetal malformations induced by acetazolamide (Green, 1973)

• High incidence of lymphoma following oral administration of methylcholanthrene (Akamatu, 1974)

• Resistant to isoniazid toxicity (Taylor, 1976)

• Resistant to colon adenoma induction by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (Evans, 1977)

• Preference for morphine (Horowitz, 1977)

Anatomical Characteristics

• Incidence of accessory spleens is 32%, Peyer's patches are fewer (Hummel, 1966)

• Thyroid gland is enlarged (Mendoza, 1967)

• Kidney-to-body weight ratio is small (Schlanger, 1968)

• Leukocyte count is high, erythrocyte count is low, and hippocampus is small (Wimer, 1969)

• Basophilic cells in the anterior pituitary gland are small (Keramidas, 1973)

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